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SPANISH STUDY GUIDE

The Verb Estar

Location, health, well-being · and when NOT to use ser

Spanish has two verbs that both mean to be. You already know ser. Estar is the other one. It covers location, how you feel, your health, and a few other situations. Once you know which one to reach for, it clicks fast.

Conjugation Four uses Ser vs. estar Prepositions Study materials

How to conjugate estar

Estar ends in -ar but does NOT follow the regular -ar pattern. Three forms get a written accent. Memorize this one whole.

SINGULAR
yoestoyI am
estásyou are
Ud./él/ellaestáyou are; he/she is
PLURAL
nosotros/asestamoswe are
vosotros/asestáisyou all are (Spain)
Uds./ellos/ellasestányou all / they are
estoy has no accent. All other forms except estamos carry a written accent on the á. Memorize this one whole, it doesn't follow the regular -ar pattern.

Four main uses of estar

Estar covers four situations. Location and conditions are the two you'll use most.

LOCATION

Where something or someone is

Use estar any time you're saying where a person, place, or thing is located, even permanent locations.

Estoy en la biblioteca.
I am at the library.
La cafetería está al lado de la biblioteca.
The cafeteria is next to the library.
Los libros están encima del escritorio.
The books are on top of the desk.
HEALTH

Physical condition right now

How someone's body is doing at this moment. Temporary physical states always use estar.

Javier está enfermo hoy.
Javier is sick today.
¿Cómo estás?
How are you? (health / condition)
Estamos cansados después del partido.
We are tired after the game.
WELL-BEING

How someone is feeling

Emotions, moods, and general state of being in the moment. Not permanent traits, just how things are right now.

Estoy muy bien, gracias.
I am very well, thank you.
Elena está feliz hoy.
Elena is happy today.
Están nerviosos antes del examen.
They are nervous before the exam.
TELLING TIME & DATE

With ser, not estar, but worth noting

Time and dates use ser, not estar. Estar is sometimes confused here. Keep them separate.

Son las cuatro. SER
It is four o'clock.
Estamos a lunes. ESTAR
It is Monday. (today is Monday)
¡Todavía está en la cama!
She's still in bed!
THE BIG COMPARISON

Ser vs. estar at a glance

Both mean "to be." The difference is what kind of "being" you're talking about. Ser is for permanent or defining traits. Estar is for conditions and location.

SER · PERMANENT / DEFINING

Identity, origin, traits

IdentityHola, soy Valentina.
Origin¿Eres de España?
OccupationSoy estudiante.
Telling timeSon las cuatro.
Physical traitsEllos son altos.
PersonalityElla es inteligente.
ESTAR · CONDITIONS / LOCATION

States, location, feelings

LocationEstoy en la biblioteca.
HealthJavier está enfermo.
Well-beingEstoy muy bien.
EmotionsElena está feliz hoy.
ConditionLa sopa está caliente.
Progress¿Estás lista?

Prepositions of location

These words team up with estar to say exactly where something is. Learn them as phrases, always with de where it belongs.

PRACTICE ZONE

Study materials

Tap any card to check your answer.

1 · Conjugate estar

What's the correct form of estar? Say it out loud, then tap to check.

2 · Ser or estar?

Decide which verb fits the sentence, then tap to check and see why.

3 · Fill in the correct form

Conjugate ser or estar correctly for each sentence, then check your answers.

4 · Where is it?

Use estar and a preposition of location to describe where each thing is. Tap to check.

5 · Translate into Spanish

Say the full sentence in Spanish, then tap to check.

6 · Tips that make it click