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SPANISH STUDY GUIDE

Hacer + Time Expressions

Hace, hacía · for, ago, had been, since

The verb hacer teams up with time expressions to answer one question four different ways: how long has something been going on, how long ago it happened, how long it had been going on, and how long it had been since it happened. Same question, four formulas.

Hace + present Hace + preterite Hacía + imperfect Hacía + no + imperfect Summary Study materials
PATTERN 1 · REVIEW

Hace + present tense

How long something has been going on and is still happening right now.

FORMULA
hace + time + que + verb (present)
¿Cuánto tiempo hace que vas al gimnasio?
How long have you been going to the gym?
Hace cinco meses que voy al gimnasio.
I have been going to the gym for five months. (and I still go)
¿Cuánto tiempo hace que estudias español?
How long have you been studying Spanish?
Hace tres años que estudio español.
I have been studying Spanish for three years.

Key signal: the action started in the past and is still happening. The verb is in the present tense.

PATTERN 2 · NEW

Hace + preterite

How long ago something happened. The action is completely done.

FORMULA
hace + time + que + verb (preterite)
¿Cuánto tiempo hace que fuiste al gimnasio?
How long ago did you go to the gym?
Hace cinco meses que fui al gimnasio.
I went to the gym five months ago. (it's over)
¿Cuánto tiempo hace que Marcos y Beatriz dibujaron?
How long ago did Marcos and Beatriz draw?
Hace un año que Marcos y Beatriz dibujaron.
Marcos and Beatriz drew a year ago.

Key signal: hace stays in the present, but the action verb flips to the preterite. The action is finished and in the past.

PATTERN 3 · NEW

Hacía + imperfect

How long something had been going on at a point in the past. Both the duration and the action are in the past.

FORMULA
hacía + time + que + verb (imperfect)
¿Cuánto tiempo hacía que ibas al gimnasio?
How long had you been going to the gym?
Hacía cinco meses que iba al gimnasio.
I had been going to the gym for five months. (before something changed)
Hacía un año que Marcos y Beatriz dibujaban.
Marcos and Beatriz had been drawing for a year.

Key signal: hacía signals you're in the past. The imperfect verb shows the action was ongoing at that past moment.

PATTERN 4 · NEW

Hacía + no + imperfect

How long it had been since something happened. The action was NOT happening for that stretch of time.

FORMULA
hacía + time + que + no + verb (imperfect)
¿Cuánto tiempo hacía que no ibas al gimnasio?
How long had it been since you went to the gym?
Hacía cinco meses que no iba al gimnasio.
It had been five months since I went to the gym. (I had NOT been going)
Hacía dos años que yo no estaba en la secundaria.
It had been two years since I was in high school.

Key signal: the no is the giveaway. It tells you the action stopped and you're counting how long it was absent.

QUICK REFERENCE

All four patterns side by side

Same question, four answers. Spot the differences in hacer form and verb tense.

Formula
Meaning
Example
hace + time + que + present
has been doing (still ongoing)
Hace 5 meses que voy al gimnasio.
hace + time + que + preterite
did something ago (finished)
Hace 5 meses que fui al gimnasio.
hacía + time + que + imperfect
had been doing (past ongoing)
Hacía 5 meses que iba al gimnasio.
hacía + time + que + no + imperfect
had been since (action absent)
Hacía 5 meses que no iba al gimnasio.
The two keys: hace (present) vs. hacía (past), and which verb tense follows. Get those two right and the whole system clicks.
PRACTICE ZONE

Study materials

Tap any card to check your answer.

1 · Which pattern is it?

Read the sentence and identify which of the four patterns it uses. Tap to check.

2 · Translate into Spanish

Build the full sentence using the correct pattern. Tap to check.

3 · Fill in the blanks

Complete each sentence with the correct form of hacer and the correct verb form. Then check your answers.

4 · Tips that make it click